Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons

作者: Donald W. Sparling

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801947-4.00006-8

关键词: ChemistryEnvironmental chemistryFluorineFuranOrganic chemistryPolybrominated diphenyl ethersPolybrominated BiphenylsPolychlorinated biphenylChlorineBenzeneHalogen

摘要: In Chapter 4, we discussed the organochlorine pesticides which are one of highly persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This chapter continues our examination POPs by focusing on a few groups halogenated chemicals structurally based two benzene or phenyl rings. These include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and (PBBs). Halogenated means that all these have more halogen atoms attached to their Halogens five elements fall in group 17 periodic chart require electron complete outer valence shells. All toxic, form acids when combined with hydrogen, bond carbon is difficult break. The halogens most interested chlorine (Cl),bromine (Br), fluorine (F). PCBs, furans had long often intertwined history manufacturing, research, concern; thus, will examine them first then discuss brominated counterparts.

参考文章(60)
Jennie R. Christensen, Mark B. Yunker, Misty MacDuffee, Peter S. Ross, PLANT CONSUMPTION BY GRIZZLY BEARS REDUCES BIOMAGNIFICATION OF SALMON-DERIVED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS, AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ,vol. 32, pp. 995- 1005 ,(2013) , 10.1002/ETC.2162
Christine A. Bishop, P. Ng, K.E. Pettit, S.W. Kennedy, J.J. Stegeman, R.J. Norstrom, R.J. Brooks, Environmental contamination and developmental abnormalities in eggs and hatchlings of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) from the Great Lakes-St Lawrence River basin (1989-1991). Environmental Pollution. ,vol. 101, pp. 143- 156 ,(1998) , 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00005-0
Shinsuke Tanabe, PCB problems in the future: Foresight from current knowledge Environmental Pollution. ,vol. 50, pp. 5- 28 ,(1988) , 10.1016/0269-7491(88)90183-2
Stephanie S. Buehler, Ilora Basu, Ronald A. Hites, Gas-phase polychlorinated biphenyl and hexachlorocyclohexane concentrations near the Great Lakes: a historical perspective. Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 36, pp. 5051- 5056 ,(2002) , 10.1021/ES0207091
Jitka Viktorová, Martina Novakova, Ladislava Trbolova, Blanka Vrchotova, Petra Lovecka, Martina Mackova, Tomas Macek, None, Characterization of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Containing Bacterial bphc Gene and Study of Their Phytoremediation Ability International Journal of Phytoremediation. ,vol. 16, pp. 937- 946 ,(2014) , 10.1080/15226514.2013.810575
S. Tanabe, N. Kannan, An. Subramanian, S. Watanabe, R. Tatsukawa, Highly toxic coplanar PCBs: occurrence, source, persistency and toxic implications to wildlife and humans. Environmental Pollution. ,vol. 47, pp. 147- 163 ,(1987) , 10.1016/0269-7491(87)90044-3
Ami R. Zota, Linda Linderholm, June-Soo Park, Myrto Petreas, Tan Guo, Martin L. Privalsky, R. Thomas Zoeller, Tracey J. Woodruff, Temporal Comparison of PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, PCBs, and OH-PCBs in the Serum of Second Trimester Pregnant Women Recruited from San Francisco General Hospital, California Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 47, pp. 11776- 11784 ,(2013) , 10.1021/ES402204Y
She-Jun Chen, Mi Tian, Jing Zheng, Zhi-Cheng Zhu, Yong Luo, Xiao-Jun Luo, Bi-Xian Mai, Elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in plants, air, and soils at an E-waste site in Southern China and enantioselective biotransformation of chiral PCBs in plants. Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 48, pp. 3847- 3855 ,(2014) , 10.1021/ES405632V
T. P. Augspurger, D. E. Tillitt, S. J. Bursian, S. D. Fitzgerald, D. E. Hinton, R. T. Di Giulio, Embryo toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the wood duck (Aix sponsa) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. ,vol. 55, pp. 659- 669 ,(2008) , 10.1007/S00244-008-9198-2