Chapter 17. Recent Advancements in the Discovery and Development of Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes.

摘要: Publisher Summary A major portion of the diabetic patients have type II or noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). NlDDM is characterized by abnormal insulin secretion from pancreas, increased basal glucose output liver, and resistance in peripheral tissues. The rest diabetics has I insulin-dependent (IDDM). This form disease caused an autoimmune response, leading to destruction endocrine pancreas and, therefore, requirement for exogenous arises sustain life. sulfonylurea class agents, which stimulate release insulin, served as oral therapy NIDDM a long time. It been proposed that sulfonylureas inhibit adenosine triphophate (ATP)-sensitive K + channels pancreatic B -cells efflux potassium depolarization cell membrane. turn triggers voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels, increasing intracellular calcium inducing exocytosis granules. Following discovery sulfonylureas, number other chemical entities identified exhibit secretatory activity. Amylin interest terms treatment based on inhibition action muscle liver it. being investigated both IDDM NIDDM. Phase trials are progress with determine whether amylin replacement reduces risk hypoglycemia associated therapy.