Geographical indication and wine exports. An empirical investigation considering the major European producers

摘要: Abstract Adopting a gravity framework and using data from 1995 to 2009 for France, Italy Spain, we investigate whether the designation of production area has positive pay-off in terms greater export values, volumes presence different markets. We find that quality wines produced specified regions (QWPSR) are associated with higher exports while tend materialize only towards high-income destination Besides, geographical appears increasing extensive margin trade. Therefore, QWPSR may represent strategic tool differentiation granting competitiveness both traditional less habitual Not all producers, yet, seem have benefited same extent designation, raising question what harmonizing and/or promotional strategy should be adopted enhance effectiveness wine protection system.