Experimental characterization of the axial behavior of traditional masonry wall metal tie connections in cavity walls

摘要: Abstract In recent years, the number of human-induced earthquakes in Groningen, a large gas field north Netherlands, has increased. The majority buildings are built by using unreinforced masonry (URM), most which consists cavity (i.e. two-leaf) walls, and were not designed to withstand earthquakes. Efforts define, test standardize metal ties, do play an important role, valuable also from wider construction industry point view. presented study exhibits findings on behavior tie connections between leaves often used Dutch practice, but elsewhere around world. An experimental campaign been carried out at Delft University Technology provide complete characterization axial traditional walls. A variations was considered this research: two embedment lengths, four pre-compression levels, different geometries, five testing protocols, including monotonic cyclic loading. results showed that capacity connection strongly influenced length geometry tie, whereas applied loading rate did have significant influence.