Review: A bioavailability-based rationale for controlling metal and metalloid contamination of agricultural land in Australia and New Zealand

摘要: Metal pollution of agricultural land in Australia and New Zealand is less severe than that documented many European countries, due to the lower density urban developments a level industrialisation. However, are highly dependent on plant production systems based plant-microbial symbioses (e.g. Rhizobium, mycorrhizae) other natural biogeochemical processes for maintaining nutrient status soils generally low nutrients and, Australia, also organic matter. Data linking metal concentrations soil ecological effects sparse Zealand, regulatory frameworks guidelines control contamination rely heavily data generated countries northern hemisphere. Adoption benchmark contaminants from these has led inappropriate levels being chosen several elements. These problems could be avoided more effectively controlled if instead relying total metals amendments, regulations considered biologically active fractions. This review considers advantages disadvantages bioavailability-based approach suggests improvements needed avoid both over- under-protective measures.