Optimum Allocation for Soil Contamination Investigations in Hsinchu, Taiwan, by Double Sampling

摘要: The double sampling (DS) scheme is a cost-effective method that combines an expensive measurement procedure with inexpensive but less accurate one. Double works when the true correlation of determination (p 2 ) between two techniques known in advance, hardly ever case. By assuming p 0.9. main objective this study was to extend TSP and determine optimum allocation samples under fixed budget condition for case > A soil from Hsinchu, Taiwan, contaminated heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd sampled at 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6 m deep 36 sites (144 samples). All were analyzed field-portable x-ray fluorescence subset 40 selected analyses Pb standard methods laboratory. Results both measurements linearly correlated estimated values 0.96, 0.95, 0.97 respectively. Considering = 0.99, subsample sample sizes 5 out 167, 4 173, 167 extended reduced number superfluous only or three, which than obtained by (9-16).