Life cycle assessment of biofuels in the European Renewable Energy Directive: a combination of approaches?

摘要: The European Renewable Energy Directive (RED) was produced by the Parliament and Council of Union to promote uptake energy from renewable resources participating member states. It sets greenhouse gas (GHG) saving targets for transport fuels dictates method which this should be calculated. This study examines life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology set out in RED compares it attributional consequential assessments. A case wheat-based bioethanol is used illustrate how differences affect GHG emission results. results show that emissions wheat are lowest when calculated under RED, highest substitution credits applied. has been shown not only combine LCA approaches but also contain rules specific co-products. For example, cereal residues allocated cultivation, exported electricity ...