Cladistic analysis of extant and fossil African papionins using craniodental data.

摘要: This study examines African papionin phylogenetic history through a comprehensive cladistic analysis of extant and fossil craniodental morphology using both quantitative qualitative characters. To account for the well-documented influence allometry on skull, general allometric coding method was applied to characters determined be significantly affected by allometry. Results analyses suggest that Parapapio, Pliopapio, Papio izodi are stem taxa. Crown Plio-Pleistocene taxa include Gorgopithecus, Lophocebus cf. albigena, Procercocebus, Soromandrillus (new genus defined herein) quadratirostris, and, most likely, Dinopithecus. Furthermore, S. quadratirostris is member clade also containing Mandrillus, Cercocebus, Procercocebus; ?Theropithecus baringensis strongly supported as primitive Theropithecus; Gorgopithecus closely related Lophocebus; Theropithecus possibly crown taxon. Finally, character transformation identify series morphological transformations during course evolution. The origin papionins diagnosed, at least in part, appearance definitive well-developed male maxillary ridges fossae. Among papionins, Papio, Lophocebus, further united extensive development Soromandrillus/Mandrillus/Cercocebus/Procercocebus diagnosed upturned nuchal crests (especially males), widely divergent temporal lines medially oriented males, inferior petrous processes, tendency enlarge premolars an adaptation hard-object food processing. adaptive origins appear associated with diet requiring increase size temporalis, optimal placement occlusal forces onto molar battery, life posterior dentition. shift evolution distinctive features such anterior union lines, increased enamel infoldings molars, reversed curve Spee, delayed eruption.