Cathepsins: Getting in Shape for Lysosomal Proteolysis

摘要: Besides their pivotal functions in general cellular protein turnover, cathepsins play important roles a diverse range of other physiological processes which include tissue remodelling during embryogenesis and development, programmed cell death, autophagy, prohormone neuropeptide processing, antigen presentation, wound healing bone resorption. Furthermore, substantial experimental evidence has been accumulated that are pathological relevance disease states such as cancer, arthritis, osteopetrosis, pancreatitis, cholestatic liver disease, epilepsy (Mohamed Sloane 2006; Vasiljeva et al. 2007; Turk 2009; Reiser 2010). To prevent damage due to unwanted proteolysis, the activities have be strictly controlled situ. The main regulatory pathways rely on restricting subcellular localization these proteases lysosomes, presence specific cathepsin inhibitors compartments, initial synthesis latent proenzymes (Cygler Mort 1997; Buttle 2001b). Interference with any control mechanisms can lead consequences. It is therefore crucial understand molecular basis biosynthesis intracellular transport well leading activation precursors context.