Thermodynamics and properties of nanophases

摘要: A large volume of today's research deals with nanophases various types. The materials engineer, chemist, or physicist, however, when dealing applications is often unaware the effect small size on structure and properties. smallest reach limit phase definitions by approaching atomic dimensions. There, required homogeneity a lost undue property fluctuations destroy usefulness thermodynamic functions. In fact, it was not expected that definite nanophase would exist below microphase. An effort made in this review to identify macrophases, microphases, nanophases. It shown should contain no bulk matter as defined macrophases also found microphases. properties nanophases, thus, must be different from These changes may include crystal amorphous structures, transitions higher lower temperature. are changing continuously going one surface opposite one. discussion makes use results determination, calorimetry, molecular motion evaluations, dynamics simulations.