La ummah, la sunnah del profeta y el califa: la visión sunita

摘要: The essay discusses three important aspects at the very beginnings of Islam in transition from a pre-islamic society to an Islamic society. purpose this work is examine and contrast main differences between these two types Were there any changes which took place were they? In first article considers formation ancient new had its basis tribe, group composed individuals who recognized common ancestor, that is, by blood. society, eventually called “Ummah”, formed exclusively those believe Allah as only God, Creator all exists. Members Ummah also accept Muhammad His messenger. It has little or nothing do with blood ties. This criterion was applied peculiar way Jewish tribe banu Awf Medina. There are different opinions whether not part Ummah. enlightening see how Prophet provided solution question. Such incorporated into “believers”. way, never purely political, secular Ummah, nor plural religious community. regard concept “Sunnah”, traditional ancestral unwritten law preislamic did it continue exist times? Here we notice change. Sunnah divine origin, human law. Every innovation introduced old Divine sanction, obeys God. All rituals Islam, for instance, pilgrimage, prayers, alms fasting, inspired God passed on Muhammad. same applies decisions social life Muslims paying attention what said relation Prophetic be present cannot considered late jurists force caliph, political authority submit Law. Finally, Sayyid Sheikh Caliph gradual change one primus inter pares legitimate power use physical force, violence, impose his will. But here most question if sometimes “caliph God”, right legislate, create body laws validity Prophet. other words, government, independent, superior does he have law? seems consensus true government ruler dictates Law, ruler. discussion however, verbal submission sufficient practice more than that. debate continues until today but without reaching single opinion.