Synergistic effects of climate-related variables suggest future physiological impairment in a top oceanic predator

摘要: By the end of this century, anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are expected to decrease surface ocean pH by as much 0.3 unit. At same time, is warm with an associated expansion oxygen minimum layer (OML). Thus, there a growing demand understand response marine biota these global changes. We show that acidification will substantially depress metabolic rates (31%) and activity levels (45%) in jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas, top predator Eastern Pacific. This effect exacerbated high temperature. Reduced aerobic locomotory scope warm, high-CO2 waters presumably impair predator–prey interactions cascading consequences for growth, reproduction, survival. Moreover, OML shoals, squids have retreat shallower, less hospitable, at night feed repay any debt accumulates during their diel vertical migration into OML. we demonstrate that, absence adaptation or horizontal migration, synergism between acidification, warming, expanding hypoxia compress habitable depth range species. These may ultimately define long-term fate commercially ecologically important predator.