Strategic port competition in multimodal network development considering shippers’ choice

摘要: Abstract Ports are developing dry ports in overlapping hinterland to gain competitive edges and relieve congestion. However, the impact of sequential port competition multimodal network design where two sequentially locate considering capacity is under-investigated. The possible correlation inland transport routes a due unobserved attributes parameter calibration overlooked shippers' choice model. We formulate nested logit model describe joint shippers on port, mode service range, custom clearance time, reliability, freight shipment size, ship call frequency using calibrated parameters based data collected by revealed preference stated techniques. A Stackelberg game theoretical established for ports, algorithms adapted obtain equilibrium solution. find that cost, transit time more appreciated than road transport. Reliability large-scale key factors choosing When location strategy one its only dominant Nash game, solution would be same as pure Leader port's could different from strategies game. Dry affected charge waiting time. methodological approach outcomes can provide framework networks help identify modal shift policies towards sustainable alternatives.