Tropical Forest Systems and the Human Economy

摘要: Twelve minimodels of tropical forest systems and their interfaces with the economy were used to visualize changing patterns use make public-policy recommendations about sustainable management economic development. To maximize wealth, designs recommended that mutually reinforce production use. Microcomputer simulations emergy (energy one kind required directly indirectly produce a product) evaluations these models made on four scales: (1) single stand, (2) landscapes many stands, (3) forests in international trade, (4) global carbon budget. Emdollars (EM$) gross product estimated from solar were: $19 for an average small tree, $2250 typical climax $90,000 virgin hectare, $59 billion 153 populations tree species. A minimodel, climax, showed essence complex succession maximum production, efficiency, diversity, soil restoration minor yield selected trees. In contrast, minimodel cadam simplified managed net biomass, more intensive fuels, goods, services. The reserve included reseeding cycle plots as means long run. Minimodels nutrient supply recycling self-organizational accumulation materials controlling rate succession, eventually eliminating limitations. matchuse, harvest without competing species, fallacy based species competitors consideration reinforcement production. intsale relative benefit domestic versus export sales products. Simplified dioxide permanent removal vegetation cover causes major increase atmospheric but this would be entirely reversed by 20% world cover.