Genomics of Wheat Domestication

摘要: The review covers several issues concerning the state of molecular knowledge effects induced by domestication and breeding on wheat crop. Genes at root syndrome are currently focus an active research which frequently uses comparative genomics approaches. Conclusions drawn available data indicate that is originated “sudden” genetic events, controlled few major pleiotropic genes. These events were followed accumulation a larger set minor mutations, having multifactorial mode inheritance. Moreover organization nucleotide variability enables detection domestication-related footprints, suggesting genomic regions more responsible for variation related to reduced when compared whole genome size. polyploidy history domesticated wheats presented, making specific mention origin A, B, D G genomes control chromosome pairing in polyploids. A general presentation also provided changes have accompanied emergence wheats. What follows information on: i) adaptation environment (genomics photoperiod, vernalization, heading date, plant height, erect type); ii) effect seed-related yield components seed size, grain hardness, tillering); iii) modification traits affecting harvestability (emergence free-threshing seeds, rachis toughness, presence ear awns). Genetic bottlenecks been associated considered final section. relatively young crop, presumably small founder population this gene pool, intensive long-term selection agronomic did basis genus.