Development and characterization of varying percentages of Ru-doped ZnO ( x Ru:ZnO; 1% ≤ x ≤ 5%) as a potential material for LPG sensing at room temperature

摘要: Five different concentrations of ruthenium were doped in ZnO nanoparticles to synthesize 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% Ru-doped utilizing sol–gel technique. Several characterization techniques, viz. X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible absorption, Fourier transform infrared, elemental dispersive analysis scanning electron microscopy (SEM), utilized for morphological, elemental, structural optical studies the synthesized materials. The average crystallite size each materials was calculated with help their XRD patterns using Debye–Scherrer formula. These found be 14 nm, 17 nm, 19 nm, 22 nm 24 nm ZnO, respectively. By analysing SEM images, nanosphere nanoflake types surface morphologies observed varying Ru nanoparticles. Further, utility these LPG sensing investigated all important parameters sensing, such as response time, recovery time sensitivity, determined. suggested that shows excellent potential terms sensing. Its highly porous nature results greater sensitivity towards along low times stability.