The neglect of the environment by cognitive psychology.

摘要: AbstractIn 1955, Egon Brunswik presented a paper in which heargued that neglect of the environment and over empha-sis organism was major downfall cognitivepsychology. His critiques have largely been ignored andresearch is discussed demonstrates same organis-mic-asymmetry detailed 1955. This researchis attribution terms since experimental psy-chologists make behavioral attributions. organismic-asymmetry has resulted body research guiltyof fundamental error. Brunswik’s theoryof representative design, proposed to address organismic-asymmetry, contrasted with calls for eco-logical validity. Although ecological validity arewell intentioned, they lack any systematic theory theenvironment fall significantly short Brunswik’sideal.In Kenneth Hammond paper, “Scopeand aspects cognitive problem,” at one first ever confer-ences on cognition. (2001) writes “in this he[Brunswik] made strong effort whole his life’s workintelligible peers” (p. 298). The theme if not thelanguage, simple; psychology neglected environment. Brun-swik (1957/2001) “if there anything still ails ingeneral, cognition specifically, it ofthe investigation environmental or texture favor thatof organismic structures processes.” Brunswik’sargument carries weight today general, cog-nitive dealt criticisms lev-ied against by 50 years ago.Brunswik began 1955 following sentences, “Oneof broadest most universally accepted definitions psychol-ogy conceives as being concerned interrelation-ships between In definition bothorganism appear equal partners” 300, 1957/