Different Environmental Drivers of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreaks in Poultry and Wild Birds

摘要: A large number of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birds have been reported Europe since 2005. Distinct spatial patterns suggest that different environmental drivers potentially spread mechanisms are operating. However, previous studies found no difference between these two outbreak types when only the effect physical factors was analysed. The influence anthropogenic variables interactions has investigated for bird outbreaks. We therefore tested on HPAI poultry, potential mechanism, discussed how differ from those observed birds. Logistic regression analyses were used to quantify relationship factors. Poultry increased with an increasing human population density combined close proximity lakes or wetlands, temperatures reduced precipitation during cold season. risk map generated based identified key In birds, strongly associated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) lower elevation, though they similarly affected by climatic conditions as This is first study differences Outbreaks mostly occurred areas where location farms trade overlapped habitats whereas mainly food shelters available. might be involved: via both contact alone seems drive