作者: Alan Thompson , Sarb Sandhu
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511545399.011
关键词: Biopsy 、 Radiology 、 Carcinoma 、 Neck of urinary bladder 、 Urology 、 Urinary diversion 、 Bladder cancer 、 Urethra 、 Cystoscopy 、 Radical surgery 、 Medicine
摘要: Superficial bladder cancer Cystoscopic follow-up There is no doubt that cystoscopy remains the gold standard of for patients who have undergone a transurethral resection (TUR) superficial cancer. The majority will undergo flexible cystoscopy, which obviates need general or spinal anesthetic and very well tolerated. A allows regular inspection urethra whole with low morbidity cost. With modern videocystoscopes experience, even small recurrences can be readily detected. interpretation flat mucosal lesions is, however, difficult. first check performed three months following initial TUR apart from in those cases where there question over grade (G2 G3) when uncertainity as to depth invasion tumor. In such cases, an early repeat biopsy made at site tumor (4–6 weeks) [1]. However, although some has any effect on subsequent outcome these it been shown reduce improve prognosis. Indeed, 10% chance G3TaT1 understaged therefore muscle invasive [1–3]. treatment tumors completely different (see Chapter 6). are two main questions regarding after These At what sort frequency should occur? […]