Risk, resilience, and gene-environment interplay in primates.

摘要: OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of the body research reported here was to demonstrate significant interactions between genetic and social environmental factors that clearly influenced both biological behavioral responses rhesus monkeys stressors such as separation from familial and/or familiar conspecifics throughout development investigate possible mechanisms underlying interactions. METHODS Prospective longitudinal studies reared in captive naturalistic settings have examined individual differences stress lifespan. RESULTS Approximately 20% consistently display unusually fearful anxious-like reactions novel, mildly stressful situations depressive-like symptoms following repeated separations during their infant juvenile years, well profound prolonged activation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis situations. Both experiential - interaction -- are implicated these stress. For example, a specific polymorphism serotonin transporter gene is associated with deficits neonatal neurobehavioral functioning extreme adreno-cortical among who experienced insecure early attachments but not developed secure attachment relationships mothers infancy (maternal "buffering"). Similar instances maternal "buffering" been demonstrated gene-environment interplay involving several other "candidate" polymorphisms. Moreover, because style monkey mother typically "copied" by her daughters when they become themselves, similar likely occur for next generation infants carrying so-called "risk" alleles. CONCLUSIONS Specific can influence only also across successive generations families.