Occurrence and mass flows of fluorochemicals in the Glatt Valley watershed, Switzerland.

作者: Carin A. Huset , Aurea C. Chiaia , Douglas F. Barofsky , Niels Jonkers , Hans-Peter E. Kohler

DOI: 10.1021/ES703062F

关键词: EffluentHydrologyEnvironmental scienceSewage treatmentSurface waterPollutantPollutionChemical oxygen demandContext (language use)Wastewater

摘要: Fluorochemicals are persistent contaminants that globally distributed in air, water, sediments, and biota. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role mitigating pollutant releases from municipalities to aquatic terrestrial environments. However, because WWTPs point sources of fluorochemicals, it is understand their contribution fluorochemical burdens the greater context watersheds. To this end, over a 1 week period, mass flows 11 fluorochemicals seven discharge effluent into Glatt River Switzerland were measured compared within River. Overall, not removed efficiently during wastewater treatment. Effluents water dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonate, which was detected all samples, followed perfluorohexane sulfonate perfluorooctanoate. The emanating found be conserved 35 km River, indicates input additive removal significant. Per capita discharges calculated populations served studied; values determined also account for content Lake Greifen (Greifensee), lake at headwaters receives treated wastewater.

参考文章(33)
Erik Kissa, Fluorinated surfactants and repellents M. Dekker. ,(2001)
S.A. Shulman, T.J. Fischbach, P.M. Eller, R. Song, E.R. Kennedy, Guidelines for air sampling and analytical method development and evaluation ,(1994)
Daniel C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis ,(1982)
Bryan Boulanger, John D. Vargo, Jerald L. Schnoor, Keri C. Hornbuckle, Evaluation of perfluorooctane surfactants in a wastewater treatment system and in a commercial surface protection product. Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 39, pp. 5524- 5530 ,(2005) , 10.1021/ES050213U
K. J. Hansen, H. O. Johnson, J. S. Eldridge, J. L. Butenhoff, L. A. Dick, Quantitative Characterization of Trace Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Tennessee River Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 36, pp. 1681- 1685 ,(2002) , 10.1021/ES010780R
Michael S. McLachlan, Katrin E. Holmström, Margot Reth, Urs Berger, Riverine Discharge of Perfluorinated Carboxylates from the European Continent Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 41, pp. 7260- 7265 ,(2007) , 10.1021/ES071471P
Shoji Nakayama, Mark J. Strynar, Laurence Helfant, Peter Egeghy, Xibiao Ye, Andrew B. Lindstrom, Perfluorinated Compounds in the Cape Fear Drainage Basin in North Carolina Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 41, pp. 5271- 5276 ,(2007) , 10.1021/ES070792Y
Melissa M. Schultz, Douglas F. Barofsky, Jennifer A. Field, Quantitative determination of fluorinated alkyl substances by large-volume-injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-characterization of municipal wastewaters. Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 40, pp. 289- 295 ,(2006) , 10.1021/ES051381P
Mary A. Kaiser, Barbara S. Larsen, Chien-Ping C. Kao, Robert C. Buck, Vapor pressures of perfluorooctanoic, -nonanoic, -decanoic, -undecanoic, and -dodecanoic acids Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. ,vol. 50, pp. 1841- 1843 ,(2005) , 10.1021/JE050070R