Salivary cotinine concentration and carbon monoxide levels in young adults smoking midwakh in comparison with cigarette smokers

摘要: Objectives To estimate and compare the salivary cotinine levels using a semiquantitative method, called NicAlert, between three groups: non-smokers, daily smokers of cigarettes midwakh, to carbon monoxide (CO) among these groups. Materials methods A total 159 adult male volunteers aged 20 above were included, with 54 current cigarette smokers, 52 midwakh 53 non-smokers. Estimate breath collected, as well sociodemographic characteristics details smoking habits second-hand smoke exposure participants. Institutional review board approval was obtained data analysed SPSS V.21 Kruskal-Wallis test used obtain differences in distribution. Results There no significant difference median CO smokers. Levels significantly higher compared non-smokers (19.5, 17.5 6.0, respectively, p Conclusion These are first that we aware demonstrate terms at least two key biomarkers tobacco use, there comparable users, demonstrating need for intensified attention use midwakh.