Loss and Damage: The Role of Ecosystem Services

摘要: Loss and damage refers to the adverse effects of climate-related stressors on natural human systems that cannot be, or have not been, avoided through mitigation managed adaptation efforts. To date, studies loss focused primarily tended overlook mediating role ecosystems services provide society. This results in a serious knowledge gap. Climate-induced may result from permanent temporary climatic they provide. More information is needed. Indeed, Paris Agreement urges Parties enhance understanding, action support areas such as, “Resilience communities, livelihoods ecosystems”. Therefore this report tries advance understanding stressor possible correlations implications for societal losses damages. Five case Asia, Africa, Europe, North America are used illustrate realworld examples, covering range stressors, as drought, floods, heat waves, cyclones. Several describe extreme events which appear been made more likely due climate change, nature be change intensifies.