Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part IV: Risk assessment of nanoparticles

摘要: Nanoparticles are small-scale substances (<100 nm) with unique properties and, thus, complex exposure and health risk implications. This symposium review summarizes recent findings in toxicity of nanoparticles their application for assessing human risks. Characterization airborne particles indicates that exposures will depend on particle behavior (e.g., disperse or aggregate) accurate, portable, cost-effective measurement techniques essential understanding exposure. Under many conditions, dermal penetration may be limited consumer products such as sunscreens, although additional studies needed potential photooxidation products, experimental methods, the effect skin condition penetration. Carbon nanotubes apparently have greater pulmonary (inflammation, granuloma) mice than fine-scale carbon graphite, metal content affect toxicity. Studies TiO2 quartz illustrate relationship between characteristics, including surface coatings, which make generalizations smaller always more toxic) incorrect some substances. These data, combined therapeutic other related literature, beginning to shape assessments used regulate use nanomaterials products.