Venous thromboembolism epidemiology: implications for prevention and management.

摘要: Venous thromboembolism is a major health problem, with an incidence that exceeds 1 per 1000. Over 200,000 new cases occur in the United States annually. Of these, 30% of patients die within 30 days; one-fifth suffer sudden death due to pulmonary embolism. Despite improved prophylaxis, venous has not changed significantly since 1980. Independent risk factors for include increasing age, male gender, surgery, trauma, hospital or nursing home confinement, malignancy, neurologic disease extremity paresis, central catheter/ transvenous pacemaker, prior superficial vein thrombosis, and varicose veins; among women, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy. About surviving develop recurrent 10 years. predictors recurrence obesity, malignant neoplasm, paresis. 28% stasis syndrome 20 To reduce incidence, improve survival, prevent complications, these characteristics should receive appropriate prophylaxis.