Conductive olfactory losses in chronic rhinosinusitis? A computational fluid dynamics study of 29 patients

摘要: Background Besides sensorineural factors, conductive impediments likely contribute to olfactory losses in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, yet no conclusive evidence exists. We aimed examine possible factors using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. Methods A total of 29 CRS patients were assessed via odorant detection thresholds (ODTs), rhinomanometry (nasal resistance [NR]), acoustic rhinometry (minimum-cross-sectional area [MCA]) and computed tomography (CT) staging. CFD simulations nasal airflow absorption region carried out based on individual CTs. Biopsies epithelium (OE) collected, cryosectioned, stained, scored for erosion. Results Significant correlations ODTs found 3 variables: odor the (r = −0.60, p < 0.01), MCA −0.40, 0.05), CT staging 0.42, 0.05). However, significant findings limited highly soluble l-carvone. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these variables combined, with addition NR, can account 65% variance ODTs. correlated significantly OE erosion 0.77, 0.01) replace latter comparable outcomes. Partial suggest contributions both are more prominent if adjusted effects other. Olfactory loss inflammatory have strong bilateral involvement, whereas independent between sides. As validation, CFD-simulated NRs rhinomanometrically 0.60, 0.01). Conclusion Both mechanisms CRS. modeling provides critical guidance understanding role dysfunction