Predation affects alarm call usage in female Diana monkeys ( Cercopithecus diana diana )

摘要: Diana monkeys produce acoustically distinct calls to a number of external events, including different types predators. In previous study, we found population-wide differences in male alarm call production Tai Forest, Ivory Coast, and on Tiwai Island, Sierra Leone, mostly likely originating from predator experience. leopards (Panthera pardus) are common but Island they have been absent for decades, while the predation pressure crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) has similar. To further evaluate impact experience, here analyse vocal behaviour female both habitats. Female predator-specific calls, alert contact response predators, suggesting that their serve broader range functions compared males. Results showed females produced same at sites, despite fauna. Regarding usage, leopard were extremely rare not whereas no eagle production. When comparing latencies, slower respond predators females. Finally, habitat-specific acoustic significant frequency-based parameters calls. Overall, our results suggest ontogenetic experience can affect primate usage structure way which particular affected may be closely linked function.