A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018

摘要: Global greenhouse gas emissions can be traced to five economic sectors: energy, industry, buildings, transport and AFOLU (agriculture, forestry other land uses). In this topical review we synthesize the literature explain recent trends in global regional each of these sectors. To contextualise our review, present estimates by sector from 1990 2018, describing major sources growth, stability decline across ten regions. Both data emphasize limited progress towards reducing emissions. The prominent pattern is a continuation underlying drivers with few signs emerging limits demand, nor deep shift delivery low zero carbon services We observe moderate decarbonisation energy systems Europe North America, driven fuel switching increasing penetration renewables. By contrast, rapidly industrialising regions, fossil-based have continuously expanded, only very recently slowing down their growth. Strong demand for materials, floor area, travel growth buildings sectors, particularly Eastern Asia, Southern Asia South-East Asia. An expansion agriculture into carbon-dense tropical forest areas has increases Latin Africa. Identifying, understanding, tackling most persistent climate-damaging sectors fundamental concern research policy as humanity treads deeper Anthropocene.