Models for Hierarchical Structures in Differential Psychology

摘要: This paper provides descriptions and applications of models for investigating hierarchical structures in differential psychology. These are sub-classified into common-source, person-situation state-trait according to the characteristic restrictions relationships between manifest variables combinations first-order latent variables. The include one level two or more levels It is advantage this framework that a few can be adapted large number by minor modifications. Cross-sectional longitudinal approaches suggested different aspects issue. While cross-sectional approach concerned with behavior situations, deals observed at occasions. Structural equation modeling formal representation these models. Some applied structure social optimism. For sample N=462 participants it demonstrated model including three second-order variable an appropriate data.