Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human milk of nonsmoking U.S. women.

摘要: The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human milk is relevant assessing the dose to mothers and infants. Since measurements for United States are lacking, we analyzed 13 PAHs from 12 nonsmoking American mothers. Analytes were extracted by using a combination centrifugation, liquid-liquid, solid-phase extraction techniques. Following method validation with spiked bovine milk, PAH concentrations determined isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene found at median 11.8, 3.0, 1.6, 1.1 ng/g fat, respectively, whereas 9 additional analytes including benzo[a]pyrene not detected (<0.04 ng/g). Calculated average daily doses ingestion (high: 75.8, phenanthrene; low: 6.1 ng/kg/day pyrene) compared air pollution inhalation. Milk accounted 47.9-81.4% total individual infant. However, calculated phenanthrene inhalation combined (12.2 110.3 ng/kg-day, respectively) 3 orders magnitude lower than documented known cause health effects. These first levels U.S. comparable reported previously European Asian women.