Cav3 T‐type calcium channels

摘要: T-type channels are unique among the voltage-gated calcium in their fast kinetics and low voltages of activation inactivation, latter two features allowing them to operate at near resting membrane potential most neurons. can therefore be recruited by subthreshold depolarizations, hyperpolarizations that remove inactivation. As such, significantly influence how when cells reach action threshold, thus critical regulators excitability. also conserved within animal kingdom, present even animals lacking muscles nerves, suggesting they evolved before or very early on during emergence neuronal neuromuscular synapses. Physiologically, involved multiple processes, contributions range from purely electrogenic roles calcium-sensitive ion channels, signaling pathways, other macromolecular complexes. Unfortunately, it has been difficult prove sufficiency necessity many these part due inconsistencies suspected contributions. Furthermore, gene knockout studies have failed show essential for development survival, as exhibit only weak phenotypes. likely dependent cellular context, three mammalian isotypes expected somewhat redundant functionality, but single ancestral precursor invertebrates carry out functions, evidenced divergent biophysical properties protein–protein interaction motifs cytoplasmic regions. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:467–491. doi: 10.1002/wmts.41 For further resources related this article, please visit website.