Pain: Sex/Gender Differences

摘要: The issue of how sex and gender differences influence pain continues to be a focus intense investigation at many levels inquiry. Epidemiological studies consistently report higher prevalence chronic disorders in females comparison males. Indeed, very few persistent conditions show male prevalence. Psychophysically, women will generally rate stimulus as being noxious lower intensity level than males; however, there are exceptions this generalization, with individual situational variations greater the differences. On other hand, substantial do appear exist mechanisms by which is generated relayed centrally. factors that underlie interact dynamically, develop change progressively throughout life span each individual. Sex actions gonadal steroids estradiol, progesterone, testosterone have also been shown contribute these differences, affecting wide regions central peripheral nervous system. However, despite their potency, represent only one experience pain. While would potent clinical implications for development different strategies diagnose treat men, it remains case such most effective when they focused on individual, considered.