Dose-related cardiovascular and endocrine effects of transdermal nicotine

摘要: Background Transdermal nicotine in doses up to 21 mg/24 hr is used facilitate smoking cessation. However, this dose does not achieve the plasma levels seen among heavy smokers, and underdosing may be one of reasons for limited efficacy transdermal nicotine. There are some concerns about adverse cardiovascular effects nicotine, especially with concomitant smoking. Treatment higher has been proposed highly dependent but such treatment on system have determined. The objective study was determine high-dose smoking. Methods Twelve healthy male smokers received three (21, 42, 63 hr) placebo, each 5 days, a balanced order. subjects smoked during first 4 days abstained from fifth day. Ambulatory 24-hour daytime nighttime heart rate blood pressure values were determined treatment; cotinine, carboxyhemoglobin urinary catecholamines aldosterone measured 5. data compared by means repeated-measures ANOVA. Results There no difference or changes pattern circadian variations various alone, consistent development tolerance. Urinary epinephrine level significantly (p < 0·05) alone. No change found fibrinogen lipid profiles different doses. Conclusions High-dose treatment, even smoking, caused short-term system. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998) 64, 87–95; doi: