Anatomical Features of the Inner Ear in Submammalian Vertebrates

摘要: Retzius (1881, 1884) reviewed earlier literature and reported the first extensive studies of anatomy internal ear in lower vertebrates representing diverse taxonomic assemblages. Despite limitations techniques then available, general accuracy, attention to detail, superb illustrations that characterized those reports have made them classics field, they are still widely cited as sole or primary anatomical source material aural studies. During ensuing fifty years, technical advances light microscopic were applied circumscribed problems concerning vertebrates, but major interest centered about transmission mechanisms animals on labyrinth mammals. A second reference appeared at end period when de Burlet (1934) summarized many previous added significant new information periotic (perilymphatic) labyrinth. Since appearance publication, Werner (1960) has offered a broad comparative coverage ear, most recent reviews related submammalian auditory limit their specific assemblages and/or incorporate within treatment hearing (van Bergeijk, 1967; Schwartzkopff, 1968; Baird, 1970a; Lowenstein, 1971; Lavolga, Smith Takasaka, 1971).