An analysis of Forest restoration 120 years after reforestation on badlands in the southwestern Alps

摘要: We report the results of descriptive and functional analyses a representative forest watershed in southwestern Alps, where Forest Service has attempted reforestation badlands for erosion control since 1860, relying on non-native Pinus nigra ssp. (Austrian black pine). One hundred twenty years after first tree plantings, plant communities are still early seral assemblages most part, with Austrian pine occurring alone canopy. In contrast, marly soils have physically recovered part their total depth, layers fragmented altered material equal to 50 cm, but structure chemical fertility is poor. Autogenic soil restoration proceeding however, largely engineered by earthworms (up 49 individuals 27 g/m 2 ). Two dominant species presumed keystone: Lumbricus terrestris Octolasion cyaneum (Lumbricidae). The reestablishment indigenous apparently not inhibited site or lack nearby seed pools. hypothesize that excessive stand density responsible poor regeneration because it discourages birds rodents dissemination. Mortality pines due infestation Viscum album subsp. austriacum (mistletoe) creating large openings should be specially managed. nineteenth-century vision was ecologically feasible validated, as strategy establish pioneer species. Here acts nurse enables return broad-leaved trees wide array herbaceous well. However, our clearly indicate appropriate silvicultural tactics now consist thinning promote true native biodiversity ecosystem functions.