Function of neurotrophic factors beyond the nervous system: inflammation and autoimmune demyelination.

摘要: In the nervous system, neurotrophic factors play a role during development, especially for differentiation of neuronal and glial cells. Moreover, they promote cell survival neurons, axons, oligodendrocytes, as well their precursors, in vitro lesional paradigms. recent years, several functions outside system have been described, with special focus on immune models autoimmune demyelination, such experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE). family neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF) brain-derived (BDNF) were investigated. NGF may influence B-cell T-cell function particularly plays macrophage migration into inflamed lesions. BDNF is produced by immune-cell subtypes also multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques. This observation gave rise to concept neuroprotective autoimmunity, implying that infiltration not only be detrimental but beneficial role, example, through production factors. cytokines, ciliary (CNTF) leukemia inhibitory (LIF) share some common protective roles axons oligodendrocytes. EAE, endogenous CNTF targets myelin, oligodendroglial cells, axons. contrast, LIF exerts oligodendrocytes able interact response modulate T-cell, monocyte neutrophil functions. summary, distinct autoimmunity responses susceptibility target tissue.