Croonian Lecture: The Antidiuretic Hormone and the Factors which Determine Its Release

摘要: When water is given under specified conditions to the living dog, there a lag of 15 min. between peak animal's load and maximum rate excretion by kidney. The diuresis inhibited emotional stress, inhibition being post-pituitary origin itself suppressed an immediately preceding injection adrenaline or tyramine. Reasons are for view that this action independent any accompanying increase in arterial pressure cerebral blood flow. intracarotid (short period, 5 20 sec.) 'hypertonic' solutions sodium chloride (but not urea) causes similar inhibition, response diminished some 90% after removal posterior lobe. shown be osmotically determined, term 'osmoreceptors' has therefore been introduced as descriptive autonomic receptive elements with which neurohypophysis functionally linked. receptors somewhere vascular bed internal carotid artery. results long-period (10 40 min.) infusions short-period injections, show osmoreceptors freely permeable urea, less dextrose relatively impermeable sucrose. local osmotic required (unilateral) reduce urine flow during about 10% its maximum, 2% only; assay such shows it have extract equivalence $1\mu \text{U/sec.}$ $(0.5\times 10^{-9}$ $\text{g./sec.}$ terms standard powder). These facts give intelligible interpretation time-lag diuresis. Water diuresis, therefore, fitly accurately described condition physiological diabetes insipidus, antidiuretic secretion hormone sense liberation continually governed concentration chloride, other active substances, plasma.