Poverty and inequality in Vietnam: spatial patterns and geographic determinants

摘要: "This study uses a relatively new method called “small area estimation” to estimate various measures of poverty and inequality for provinces, districts, communes Vietnam. The was applied by combining information from the 1997-98 Vietnam Living Standards Survey 1999 Population Housing Census... Mapping density reveals that, although rates are highest in remote upland areas, these areas sparsely populated so most poor live Red River Delta Mekong Delta... This analysis confirms other studies indicating that per capita expenditure is low international standards. Inequality greatest large cities (surprisingly) parts areas. lowest Delta, followed Delta. Just one-third found between districts two-thirds within them, suggesting district-level targeting anti-poverty programs may not be very effective... Finally, notes small estimation useful annual mapping because it relies on census data, but could used show detailed spatial patterns variables interest policymakers, such as income diversification, agricultural market surplus, vulnerability. Furthermore, can among vulnerable populations too studied with household survey disabled, ethnic minorities, or fishermen." Authors' summary