Experimental and Computational Methods Pertaining to Surface Tension of Pharmaceuticals

摘要: The molecules of a fluid experiences attractive forces exerted on it by all its neighboring molecules. In the bulk liquid, are attracted equally in directions resulting net force zero. Molecules at or near surface experience which tends to pull them interior. Surface chemistry deals with thermodynamic and kinetic parameters that take place between two different coexisting phases equilibrium. tension, γ is free energy any air/fluid interface defined as per unit length area. latter term, also called energy, more useful thermodynamics applies solids well liquid surfaces. measured tension solid can be revealed contact angle measurements. measurement depends very markedly upon presence impurities temperature pressure changes (Buckton, 1988). phenomenon we see our everyday life. Human biological fluids, e.g. serum, urine, gastric juice, amniotic cerebrospinal alveolar lining contain numerous low-and high-molecular weight surfactants, proteins lipids adsorb interface. physicochemical processes these interfaces extremely important for vital function body organs have great impact pharmacodynamic drug (Kazakov et al., 2000; Trukhin 2001). Drug substances usually administered part formulation combination excipients varied specialized pharmaceutical functions. design based principles pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutic technology. industry has directed attention mainly quality processability active products reflected various parameters. materials require extensive characterization testing their stability, physico-chemical properties, effectiveness, palatability ease administration ensure efficacy. Among characteristics dissolution solubility gastrointestinal tract, intestinal absorption, distribution drug-