An investigation of constraints restricting urban Nigerian women from participating in recreational sport activities.

摘要: IntroductionIn most rural regions in Africa, the edification of young women is mainly focused on being an obedient wife and a good mother (Silberschmidt, 2001). Women girls are socioculturally expected to exemplify feminine behaviors, obey male dominance, embrace genuine ethic care for their family (Tamale, 2005). For instance, Baganda tribe Uganda, Ssenga train Ugandan how embody appropriate behaviors. The etiquette learn proper manners sit, walk, conduct herself presence males, as well respect elders take Females do all kinds work, whether housework or professional responsibilities, they have "little time relax, recuperate, be selfish" participate leisure activities, such recreational sports (Deem, 1987, p. 424).In conjunction with patriarchal ideologies, development women's sport developing Africa seems low priority because issues relating literacy, famine, health care, domestic abuse, genital circumcisions, local national security (Summerfield, 2000). Further crises high unemployment, war, refugees, structural adjustment programs, HIV/AIDS likewise stunted growth involvement activities (RSAs) (Elbe, 2006).Recreational that combine both recreation. These fall under rubric play (Chalip, Schwab, & Dustin, 2010); not competitive require particular equipment rules (Mobily, 1989; Parks Quartermain, 2003). Recreational typically conducted during unstructured means entertainment (Sivan Stebbins, 2011). People RSAs number reasons, one purpose (Shaw, 1986). important benefits, studies (e.g., Frisby, Reid, Ponic, 2007; Godbey Mowen, 2010) examined positive outcomes physical activity component sport. reported enhances circulatory health, provides mental clarity, promotes successful aging, promote social interaction. Despite these noted some women, limited passive relaxation (Henderson Bialeschki, 1993).Extant Nigerian research Akindutire, 1992; Ojeme, 1989) constraints men's participation but yet investigate facilitators. As result, exposition Nigeria affords men opportunities, limits missing from literature. Hence, this study highlight experiences constraints, examine tactics used facilitate participation. In investigation we employ constraint theories (Crawford Godbey, 1987; Crawford, Jackson, 1991; Jackson et al., 1993; Hubbard Mannell, 2001) provide (a) understanding patterns (b) identify restrict participating (c) negotiation strategies so activities.Literature ReviewLeisure Constraint TheoryConstraints inhibit people's desired Crawford 1991). (1987) categorized structural, interpersonal, intrapersonal constraints. Structural external factors, insufficient financial resources, inclement weather, lack due access opportunity, inadequate machinery facilities intervene between preferences Jun, Kyle O'Leary, 2006). …