Nutritional Implications of Obesity: Before and After Bariatric Surgery.

摘要: Obesity is defined as the accumulation of excess body fat to extent that it may have an adverse effect on health. Generally, mass index (BMI) utilized characterize further degree obesity, and calculated based height weight in kg/m2. According definition established by World Health Organization, individuals are classed overweight if their BMI ≥25, whereas obese those with a ≥30. Based degree, obesity categorized into class I (BMI 30–34.9), II 35–39.9), III ≥40). There linear correlation between incidence chronic diseases increased BMI. Obesity now recognized worldwide epidemic, its increasing exponentially. Organization's projections from 2005, approximately 1.7 billion people considered overweight, at least 400 million adults obese.1 In United States alone, nearly 33% population (97 million) obese, 10 morbidly (class III).1,2 Although has multifactorial etiology, most relevant causes can be grouped environmental, genetics, behavioral factors. general, calorie consumption decreased physical activity play key role. Contrary common beliefs, individual not well nourished. The routine screening patients prior bariatric surgery highlighted multiple nutritional deficiencies this patient population. phenomenon entirely understood. It seems likely, though, caloric intake does mean overconsumption fresh fruit, vegetables, unprocessed foods, but rather lack these types exposing several micronutrient deficiencies.3 Therapeutic options for loss include dietary modifications, activity, pharmacologic therapy, and, lastly, surgical intervention. Commonly, restriction modifications lead average only 5–10%.4 addition intervention improve results 15%. Unfortunately, none interventions leads long-lasting results, regain norm.5 Surgery, other hand, been proven provide consistent durable loss, stated National Institute Consensus Development Conference Panel.6 addition, associated resolution or improvement, different degrees, comorbid conditions obesity.7 Although highly effective terms comorbidities, procedures contribute derangements postoperatively. Certainly, affect physiologic absorption nutrients higher tendency determine deficiencies, also solely reduce quantity individuals' long-term status. prime responsibility team assess, educate, follow order avoid dangerous abnormalities.