Shelter strategies for the urban poor : idiosyncratic and successful, but hardly mysterious

摘要: In 1986 the World Bank prepared a strategy for low-income housing in developing countries. This work grew out of Bank's efforts to support urban poor through an extensive assistance program that was launched by President McNamara's speech on poverty. By time, had provided more than $4 billion such assistance, and undertaken research effort design lending. Much has changed since not only way provides shelter doubling its review, but also changing consensus as what should be. The authors review emerging consensus. They examine three new areas: empirical analysis effects policy supply; richer understanding land market regulations have specific projects functioning areas; alleged mysterious de Soto, example, claims effective property rights development generally. emergence both financial innovation, micro-enterprise finance, increased emphasis given project based community participation, showing how these approaches fully reconcile incentives faced beneficiaries donors. sum, argue evolving is nearly some would claim. Housing markets most countries remain highly idiosyncratic constrained. Nevertheless, appears recognize idiosyncrasies constraints evidenced strong improving performance