Effects of Aging on Gonadotropin/Ovarian and Growth Hormone/Ovarian Relationships in Normal Women

作者: WILLIAM S. EVANS , KIMBERLY T. BRILL , JOHANNES D. VELDHUIS

DOI: 10.1016/B978-012440905-7/50386-8

关键词: Gonadotropic cellBiologyEndocrinologyGrowth hormone secretionGonadotropinInternal medicineFollicle-stimulating hormoneEstrogenSomatotropic cellPrecocious pubertyLuteinizing hormone

摘要: Abstract Concurrent with a markedly improved life expectancy for women, attention has been increasingly focused on both age-associated reproductive and metabolic issues. With regard to the axis it is clear that ability achieve maintain successful pregnancy declines as function of age. Although much this decrease in potential may reflect changes quality oocytes, also possible alterations components neuroendocrine contribute process. However, whether hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator activity and/or secretion luteinizing (LH) follicle stimulating (FSH) by anterior pituitary gonadotropes are direct consequence aging process, or simply gonadal feedback unclear. An understanding just how process adversely affects hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian allow significantly methods which enhance fertility female population. somatotropic axis, hypothalamo-pituitary disease associated variable degrees hypo-somatotropism, latter defined depletion growth (GH) insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1). Both contexts accompanied evident dyslipidemia, increased cardiovascular mortality, greater visceral adiposity, reduced bone muscle mass, impaired psychosocial well-being, restricted physical aerobic performance. Postmenopausal women manifest combined reductions systemic GH estrogen availability. Hypoestrogenemia relevant progressive deprivation, because repletion estradiol drives ovariprival subject. Aggregate clinical data establish precept relation normal precocious puberty girls; GnRH agonist-induced downregulation young women; ovariectomy premenopausal individuals; controlled ovulation induction; short-term administration antiestrogens; replacement therapy diverse estrogens delivered via any oral, transdermal, intravenous, intranasal, intravaginal, intramuscular routes. This overview highlights specific mechanisms stimulates pulsatile postmenopausal woman.

参考文章(189)
KELLY E. MAYO, PAUL A. GODFREY, STEVEN T. SUHR, DAVID J. KULIK, JASON O. RAHAL, Growth hormone-releasing hormone: synthesis and signaling. Recent Progress in Hormone Research. ,vol. 50, pp. 35- 73 ,(1995) , 10.1016/B978-0-12-571150-0.50007-X
Marcelo C. Batista, Tannia P. Cartledge, Ann W. Zellmer, Maria J. Merino, Constantine Axiotis, William J. Bremner, Lynnette K. Nieman, Effects of aging on menstrual cycle hormones and endometrial maturation Fertility and Sterility. ,vol. 64, pp. 492- 499 ,(1995) , 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57782-6
David A. Fryburg, Arthur L. Weltman, Linda A. Jahn, Judy Y. Weltman, Eugene Samojlik, Raymond L. Hintz, Johannes D. Veldhuis, Androgenic Modulation of the Growth Hormone—IGF Axis and Its Impact on Metabolic Outcomes Springer, New York, NY. pp. 82- 92 ,(1999) , 10.1007/978-1-4612-1546-2_9
Bowers Cy, Granda-Ayala R, GHRP-2, GHRH and SRIF interrelationships during chronic administration of GHRP-2 to humans. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. ,vol. 9, pp. 261- 270 ,(1996)
Johannes D. Veldhuis, William S. Evans, Nikhita Shah, E. Shannon Story, Megan J. Bray, Stacey M. Anderson, Proposed Mechanisms of Sex-Steroid— Hormone Neuromodulation of the Human GH—IGF-I Axis Springer New York. pp. 93- 121 ,(1999) , 10.1007/978-1-4612-1546-2_10
Robert M. Rome, Rodrigo Urcuyo, James H. Nelson, Observations on the surface area of the abnormal transformation zone associated with intraepithelial and early invasive squamous cell lesions of the cervix. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ,vol. 129, pp. 557- 564 ,(1977) , 10.1016/0002-9378(77)90098-9
N E Reame, R P Kelche, I Z Beitins, M Y Yu, C M Zawacki, V Padmanabhan, Age effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion across the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. ,vol. 81, pp. 1512- 1518 ,(1996) , 10.1210/JCEM.81.4.8636360
W. G. ROSSMANITH, C. H. LIU, G. A. LAUGHLIN, J. F. MORTOLA, B. Y. SUH, S. S. C. YEN, RELATIVE CHANGES IN LH PULSATILITY DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE: USING DATA FROM HYPOGONADAL WOMEN AS A REFERENCE POINT Clinical Endocrinology. ,vol. 32, pp. 647- 660 ,(1990) , 10.1111/J.1365-2265.1990.TB00909.X
LEIF WIDE, Male and female forms of human follicle-stimulating hormone in serum. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. ,vol. 55, pp. 682- 688 ,(1982) , 10.1210/JCEM-55-4-682