Biogeographic and Ecological Forces Responsible for Speciation in Ateles

摘要: We used the results of phylogenetic analyses relationships among spider monkeys (Ateles) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to investigate questions their evolutionary origins speciation mechanisms. employed concept a local molecular clock date nodes interest (corresponding hypothesized species subspecies) in various phylograms for comparison biogeographical events that might have affected speciation. considered mechanisms—Pleistocene refuge formation, riverine barriers, geological fluctuations, ecological changes associated with these mechanisms—for contribution Ateles. Most Ateles occurred during middle late Pliocene, suggesting Pleistocene formation was not key mechanism. However, it is likely genetic structure populations modified some extent by formation. Additionally, barriers do seem interrupt gene flow significantly No river formed barrier Ateles, exception lower Amazon possibly black-water rivers draining Guianan highlands. Large-scale geographic continued rise eastern western cordilleras northern Andes habitat were most important causes The factors modify are consider order protect endangered primate genera Neotropics.