Vitamin D levels and comorbidities in ambulatory and hospitalized patients in Austria

摘要: Vitamin D in its hormonal active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (calcitriol), has a major impact on bone turnover by regulating calcium and phosphate homoeostasis. By binding the vitamin hormone to receptor (VDR), it acts as nuclear transcription factor (Bouillon et al., Endocr Rev 29(6):726-776, 2008). The discovery that almost all tissues cells body express VDR several possess enzymatic capability convert 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)-D3; cholecalciferol) suggests fulfills various extra-osseous functions 2008; Holick, N Engl J Med 357(3):266-281, 2007). For example, ensures adequate intestinal absorption synthesis of transport proteins duodenum Additionally, is important for proper muscle function, some studies suggest may contribute prevent type 1 diabetes mellitus, certain autoimmune diseases, hypertension, types cancer (Holick,