Theoretical investigation of thunderstorm induced enhancements of cosmic ray fluxes
作者： G.G. Karapetyan
DOI: 10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2012.09.006
关键词: Electron avalanche 、 Atomic physics 、 Cosmic ray 、 Physics 、 Bremsstrahlung 、 Radiation 、 Gamma ray 、 Electric field 、 Thunderstorm 、 Electron
摘要: Abstract We conducted theoretical investigation of long lasting pulses cosmic-ray electrons and gamma-ray radiation, which are often observed during thunderstorms by particle detectors at high altitude stations. These thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGEs) last several minutes, the flux gamma-quants can surpass a few hundred percent over background level. developed model derived energetic spectrums given value electric field. The considers two following mechanisms, change in field: (i) transformation spectrum (ii) formation electron avalanche. Due to number low (few MeV) energy decreases small abundance ( 10 MeV emerges. spectral fluxes components – avalanche derived, shows that contribution total is small. Consequently, gamma ray produced as well. exact equations for these radiation showed curve be approximated simple function exp(− E / 0 )/E up ∼40 MeV. At higher energies it has approximately power-law spectrum.
harvard.edu
sci-hub.se 参考文章(29)
A. S. Lidvansky, N. S. Khaerdinov, A Strong Enhancement of Cosmic Ray Intensity during Thunderstorm: A Case Study and Implications ,(2005)
Sebastien Celestin, Victor P. Pasko, Energy and fluxes of thermal runaway electrons produced by exponential growth of streamers during the stepping of lightning leaders and in transient luminous events Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 116, ,(2011) , 10.1029/2010JA016260
J. R. Dwyer, H. K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, D. M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, C. Smyth, A ground level gamma-ray burst observed in association with rocket-triggered lightning Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 31, pp. n/a- n/a ,(2004) , 10.1029/2003GL018771
Nikolai G Lehtinen, Timothy F Bell, Umran S Inan, None, Monte Carlo simulation of runaway MeV electron breakdown with application to red sprites and terrestrial gamma ray flashes Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. ,vol. 104, pp. 24699- 24712 ,(1999) , 10.1029/1999JA900335
M. Marisaldi, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Galli, F. Longo, E. Del Monte, G. Barbiellini, M. Tavani, A. Giuliani, E. Moretti, S. Vercellone, E. Costa, S. Cutini, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, S. Mereghetti, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, P. Soffitta, M. Trifoglio, A. Argan, F. Boffelli, A. Bulgarelli, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Chen, V. Cocco, F. D'Ammando, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, G. Di Persio, A. Ferrari, M. Fiorini, T. Froysland, F. Gianotti, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, P. Picozza, G. Piano, M. Pilia, M. Prest, G. Pucella, A. Rappoldi, A. Rubini, S. Sabatini, E. Striani, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, V. Vittorini, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, L. A. Antonelli, S. Colafrancesco, D. Gasparrini, P. Giommi, C. Pittori, B. Preger, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, L. Salotti, Detection of terrestrial gamma ray flashes up to 40 MeV by the AGILE satellite Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. ,vol. 115, pp. n/a- n/a ,(2010) , 10.1029/2009JA014502
NG Lehtinen, M Walt, US Inan, TF Bell, VP Pasko, None, γ‐Ray emission produced by a relativistic beam of runaway electrons accelerated by quasi‐electrostatic thundercloud fields Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 23, pp. 2645- 2648 ,(1996) , 10.1029/96GL02573
J. R. Dwyer, Implications of x-ray emission from lightning Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 31, pp. n/a- n/a ,(2004) , 10.1029/2004GL019795
Glenn E. Shaw, Background cosmic count increase associated with thunderstorms Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 72, pp. 4623- 4626 ,(1967) , 10.1029/JZ072I018P04623
M. Rex, R. J. Salawitch, M. L. Santee, J. W. Waters, K. Hoppel, R. Bevilacqua, On the unexplained stratospheric ozone losses during cold Arctic Januaries Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 30, pp. 8-1- 8-4 ,(2003) , 10.1029/2002GL016008
Gennady Milikh, Robert Roussel-Dupré, Runaway breakdown and electrical discharges in thunderstorms Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. ,vol. 115, pp. n/a- n/a ,(2010) , 10.1029/2009JA014818