Massive relic galaxies challenge the co-evolution of SMBHs and their host galaxies

摘要: We study a sample of eight massive galaxies that are extreme outliers (3-5$\sigma$) in the M$_{\bullet}$-M$_\mathrm{bulge}$ local scaling relation. Two these confirmed to host extremely large super black holes (SMBHs), whereas virial mass estimates for other six also consistent with having abnormally SMBHs. From analysis their star formation histories and structural properties we find all can be considered as relic from early (z$\sim$2) Universe: i.e. they compact (R$_{\mathrm{e}}$$<$2 kpc) have purely old stellar populations (t$\gtrsim$10 Gyr). In order explain nature such deviations relations, propose scenario which hosts \"uber-massive SMBHs followed different evolutionary path than two-phase growth channel assumed galaxies. Once SMBH core galaxy formed at z$\sim$2, skips second phase, remaining structurally untouched without further size increase. show if had normal by growing via merger activity, expected (mild) would place them closer observed relations. Our results suggest epoch most stopped $\sim$10Gyr ago.