Citizenship education, educational policies and NGOs

摘要: The transition from the 20th to 21st century has been stage of contradictory messages regarding youth citizenship. There is a powerful public and academic rhetoric on political disengagement apathy and, concurrently, an assumption that young people are not knowledgeable, competent responsible enough be active citizens, therefore some kind ‘education’ should provided them. Over this landscape, citizenship education in schools object fluctuations European educational policy, relative absence becoming central transversal goal education, back again. This paper contrasts policies with vision school practice by significant actors (in case, NGOs working field education), departing cross-European analysis focus specific experience Portugal England. On whole, results suggest disinvestment might reinforcing ‘NGOisation’ phenomena both advantages risks. If ‘all comes threes perfect’ then must provide coherent framework would guide collaboratively fostering opportunities learn democracy out schools.