The Biological Chemistry of Peroxynitrite

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the physical and biological chemistry peroxynitrite. A foundation is provided to rationalize fate actions peroxynitrite strategies for preventing peroxynitrite-dependent damage pathology. Peroxynitrite anion formed in vivo as result diffusion controlled reaction between nitric oxide (NO) superoxide radicals. The its conjugated acid, peroxynitrous are strong oxidant species that cause molecular variety pathophysiological conditions. reacts fast with number targets, including thiols, metalloproteins, carbon dioxide, or more slowly decomposes hydroxyl nitrogen dioxide radicals by proton-catalyzed homolysis. Carbon accounts significant fraction consumption leads secondary formation carbonate At level, predominant outcome reactions one two electron oxidations nitrations. can diffuse through tissue compartments, being able cross biomembranes both passive channels. Thus, although half-life short, it sufficient couple cell diameters effects distant from site production.