History and patterns of plant invasion in Northern Africa

摘要: The history of plant invasion in Northern Africa is mainly concerned with two different aspects: naturalization and expansion exotic species on the one hand, colonization new land by local other hand. Both processes generally result from activities man his livestock: deliberate or inadvertent introduction exotics that may become invasive, weeds initially linked to cultivation (native exotics), encroachment piospheric* vegetation types nitratophytes high long standing density people and/or stock, which are ignored herbivores.